Welcome to ADDIE Alliance
1stBRAIN DUMP
Below is an illustration of our group's collaborative and unfiltered thoughts (brain dump) on material covered during Module 1 of EDID6509.
Learning Theories
Learning can be described as the change in an individual’s behaviour that occurs as a result of previous experience.
Behaviourism
Behaviourism emphasizes observable behaviour and the way in which the environment shapes that behaviour through stimulus and responses as well as reinforcement (Skinner, 1965).
Learning Theories
Learning theory seeks to explain how individuals acquire, process, retain, and recall knowledge (Gandhi & Mukherji, 2023).
Cognitivism
Cognitivism is a learning theory that emphasizes the importance of mental processes in learning and behaviour (Giannoukos, 2024).
Learning Theories
Foundational learning theories include cognitivism, constructivism, and behaviourism.
Constructivism
Constructivism is based on the learner’s ability to construct knowledge when reflecting on or interpreting their own experiences.
Learning Design
The process of methodically and deliberately crafting learning experiences based on educational theory such as ADDIE, SAM model, Backward Design model and ASSURE (Arizona State University, n.d.).
Factors Influencing Learning Design - Target Population
Factors to consider include:
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Prior Knowledge
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Demographics
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Learning Styles and Preferences
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Technological Literacy
Learning Design
Learning design involves making informed decisions about the types and sequencing of learning activities, the resources to be utilized, and the support and interactions that will occur within the learning environment (Agostinho, 2011).
Factors Influencing Learning Design - Learning Objectives
Factors to consider include:
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Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes to be developed.
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Potential to observe and measure desired objectives.
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Subject Matter/Content
Learning Design
Learning models that emphasize active engagement, real contexts and collaboration have been shown to be more effective in building deep understanding and complex skills such as problem solving than traditional passive and rote approaches (Juned et. al, 2025).
Factors Influencing Learning Design - Resources Available
Factors to consider include:
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Learning Environment
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Time available to Design and Develop
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Financial Resources
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Access to Technology
2nd BRAIN DUMP
Below is an illustration of our group's collaborative and unfiltered thoughts (brain dump) on Performance Support Systems (PSS).
PSS Definition
A PSS is an integrated set of on-line and off-line methods and resources that support performance (Pershing, 2006).
Main aim of a PSS
Expert-like performance from day 1 with little or no training i.e. creating a "Zone" of performance at the required standard set by the Organziztion (Pershing, 2006).
BASIC PSS EXAMPLES
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Learning guidance and tracking
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Task-structuring support
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Knowledge management
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Communities of practice
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Tools
Just-in-Time Principle
PSS provides support at the moment of need, when the worker needs to know or do something right away (Rosenberg, n.d.).
Electronic PSS (EPSS)
An EPSS is a digital tool designed to provide "just-in-time" guidance, information, and tools to help an individual perform a task with minimal intervention from others (Coates, 2018).
PSS vs Training
Training develops specific skills in a structured way based on Training Objectives whereas a PSS aims to get work done or accomplish a task directly. Training usually requires pausing workflow whereas a PSS does not (Rosenberg, n.d.).
PSS vs Knowledge Management
PSS is similar to Knowledge Management but PSS occurs during the workflow...Knowledge Management may occur away from the workflow.
Types of PSS according to Gloria Gery
External - requires worker to stop work to us PSS tool.
Extrinsic - closer to work at hand, but not integrated in the workflow.
Intrinsic - completely embedded in workflow.
Characteristics of a good PSS
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Makes work easier.
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Makes users and Organizations more productive.
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Integrates into workflow.
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Is cost-effective.
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Easy to master.
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Easy to scale.
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Easy to update.
In modern teaching methods, the emphasis is on student participation in the teaching-learning process, making it learner-centered and focusing on individual interaction with the environment (Al-Zarfi et al., 2024).